| Peer-Reviewed

Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria

Received: 29 September 2014     Accepted: 5 October 2014     Published: 25 December 2014
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. This study attempts to trace the factors responsible for low fluoride levels in the aquifers of the Jos Younger Granites despite the high fluorine content in the rocks. A total of 41groundwater samples (1 mining pond, 2 hand pumps and 38 hand dug wells), 7 rock samples from the various lithological units, and 13 soil sections from two exposed locations were collected and analyzed for their fluorine content. Analysis of major cations was carried out using ICP-OES; the anions were analyzed using the UV multi-ion parameter and bicarbonates by titration method. Fluoride in underground water was determined by multi-ion parameter. Fluorine in rocks and soil were analyzed by the fusion method. The rock samples show variations in their fluorine content (Jos – Bukuru Biotite Granite 6,231, aplo-pegmatic granite-gneiss (basement rock) 4,864, Quartz-pyroxenes-fayalite porphyry 1,280, Dilimi-Biotite Granite 258 and Ngeil Biotite Granite-162 ppm). The soil sections from different locations also show variations of fluorine with depth of sampling. Cumulatively, the fluorine content in the sections and fluoride content in water do not correlate with fluorine in rock in the rock units. The low content in the two media, indicate that: 1. bulk fluorine have not been released from minerals in the host rocks and those retained in soils have not been mobilized to the groundwater. 2. Fluorine have formed complexes with other ions and occurring in compound form rather than ionic form. Apart from low fluoride in about 70% of the water samples all other parameters are within the WHO recommended limit for house hold uses. Although there are no records on the effect of low consumption of fluoride in water, inferences from the data show that most areas with low fluoride level should have dental caries.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 3, Issue 6-2)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrating Earth Materials, Diet, Water and Human Health

DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17
Page(s) 42-53
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fluoride, Groundwater, Younger Granites, Aquifers, Jos Plateau

References
[1] Alakija, W (1983): Dental caries in Primary School Children in Nigeria. In: Lar and Tejan (Ed) Highlights of some environmental problems of geomedical significance in Nigeria. Environmental Geochemisty and Health, Springer, pp 383 – 389.
[2] Apambire, W.B.,Boyle, D.R. and Micheal, F.A., (1997): Geochemistry, genesis and ealth implication of fluoriferous groundwater in the upper regions, Ghana. Environ Geology. 33:13-24.
[3] Abu Rukah, Y. and Alsonkhny, K., (2004): Geochemical assessment of groundwater contamination with special emphasis on fluoride concentration, North Jordan. Chemie der Erde- Geochemistry. 64(2): 174-181.
[4] Bano, A.I., Isichei, W.P., Das, S.U., Morimoto, L and Nagataki, S (1987): Common trace elements in potable water in Plateau State of Nigeria and their impact on goiter prevalence in the state. In: Lar, and Tejan (Ed) Highlights of some environmental problems of geomedical significance in Nigeria. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Springer, pp 383 – 389.
[5] Barber, W. (1958): Pressure water in the Chad Formation of Bornu and Dikwa Emirate, Northeast Nigeria, Geological Survey of Nigeria Bulletin 35, pp 62- 68.
[6] Bowden, P. (1966): Lithium in the Younger Granites of Northern Nigeria. In: Kogbe, C. A (Ed) Geology of Nigeria. pp, 207- 225 Rock View, Nigeria Limited, Jos, Nigeria
[7] Chilota, E.R. (2011): Geology and trace elements content in abandoned mined ponds waters of Bargada Area, Plateau State Unpublished B.Sc Project, Department of Geology and Mining, University of Jos
[8] Dibal, H.U. and Lar, U.A. (2005): Preliminary survey of fluoride concentrations in the groundwaters of Kaltungo Town and Environs. Gombe State. Northeastren Nigeria: Water quality and health implications. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol 9, no 2.
[9] Dibal, H.U., Lekmang, I.C and Lar, U.A (2008) Dental fluorosis from Drinking water consumption in Langtang Town, Plateau State. Continental Journal of Earth scinces, Vol 3, 77-82
[10] Dibal, H.U and Schoeneich, K (2009): Fluoride concentration in the groundwaters of Northern Nigeria. Nigerian Association of Hydrogeologist. Conference paper page 22
[11] Dibal H, U, Schoeneich, K, Garba I, Lar U.A. and Bala E.A (2012): Occurrence of fluoride in the drinking waters of Langtang Area, North Central Nigeria. Health, vol.4, No11, 1116
[12] Dibal, H. U., Schoeneich, K Garba, I., Lar U.A. and Bala E.A. (2012): Overview of Fluoride distribution in major aquifer Units of Northern Nigeria. Health vol 4, No 12, 1987-1294
[13] Edmunds, W.M. (1994): Characterization of Groundwaters in Semi - Arid and Arid Zones Using MinorElements, In: Nash, I.I and McCall, G.J.H (Ed), Groundwater Quality, pp 19 – 30. Chapman and Hall, London.
[14] Fordyce, F. M., Vrana, K., Zhovinsky, E., Povoroznuk, V., Toth, G., Hope, B. C., Iljinsky, U and Baker, J. (2007): A Health Risk Assessment for Fluoride in Central Europe. Journal of Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol 29, no 2. pp 83 - 102.
[15] Gaciri, S. J. and Davies, T.C. (1993): The occurrence and geochemistry of fluoride in some natural waters of Kenya. Journal of Hydrology 143, pp 395-412.
[16] Hitchon, B., (1995): Fluorine in formation water, Alberta basin, Canada. Applied Geochemistry. 10:357-367.
[17] Hussain, J., Sharma, K.C and Hussain, I (2004): Fluoride in the groundwaters of Rajastan. Indian Journal Environmental Health. Pp. 84 - 87.
[18] Handa, B.K., (1975). Geochemistry and genesis of fluoride containing groundwater in India. Soil research laboratory, 1147, sector 21-B, Chandigarh, India vol.13, No.3.
[19] Jack, G., Bhattacharya, p., Chaudhary, V. and Singh, K.P., (2004): Controls on the genesis of some high-fluoride groundwater in India. Applied Geochemistry, 20(2): 221-228.
[20] Kim, K. and Jeong,G.Y., (2005): Factors influencing natural occurrence of fluoride-rich groundwater: a case study in the south eastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Chemosphere. 58(10): 1399-1408.
[21] Lar, U.A and Tejan, A.B (2008): Highlights of some environmental problems of geomedical significance in Nigeria. Environmental Geochemisty and Health, Springer, pp 383 – 389.
[22] Lar, U.A. and Dibal, H. U. (2014): The status of medical geology in Nigeria: challenges, prospects and benefits. 1st International Symposium on Medical Geology in Africa (ISMGAf)University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa “Health and Earth – Building a Safer Environment” Program and Abstract Volume
[23] Lar,U.A., Dibal,H. U., Daspan, R. and Jaryum, S.W. (2007): Fluoride occurrence in the surface and groundwater of Fobur area of Jos East LGA of Plateau States. Journal of Environmental Sciences II, (2) pp 99-105
[24] Macleod, W.N., Turner, D.C. and Wright, E.P. (1971): The Geology of Jos Plateau. Geological Survey of Nigeria, Bulletin No 32.
[25] Pickering, W.F. (1983): The Mobility of Soluble Fluoride in Soils. Environmental Pollution (Series B) 9, pp281 -308.
[26] Schoeneich, K. and Mbonu, W.C. (1991): Excursion Guide Book: On the Geology of the Jos Plateau and the Yankari Game Reserve. The Nigerian Mining and Geosciences SocietyAnnual Conference and 30th Anniversary Celebration held at Jos. Bros - way Press 79/1 Sarki Street, Jos.
[27] Thompson, J.H. (1965): The Geology and Hydrogeology of Gombe, Bauchi Province. Records of the Geology Survey, Pp 46 -56.
[28] WHO (2004) Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol.2 health criteria and other supporting information. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[29] Wongdem, J.G., Aderinokun, G.A., Sridhar, M.R. and Selkur. S. (2002): Prevalence and distribution pattern of enamel fluorosis in Langtang Town. African Journal of Medical Science. Fluoride 35. pp. 120-135.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Dibal Hyeladi, Shem Auta Dahilo, Daspan Raymond, Lar Uriah. (2014). Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 3(6-2), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Dibal Hyeladi; Shem Auta Dahilo; Daspan Raymond; Lar Uriah. Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2014, 3(6-2), 42-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Dibal Hyeladi, Shem Auta Dahilo, Daspan Raymond, Lar Uriah. Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria. Am J Environ Prot. 2014;3(6-2):42-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17,
      author = {Dibal Hyeladi and Shem Auta Dahilo and Daspan Raymond and Lar Uriah},
      title = {Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6-2},
      pages = {42-53},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.s.2014030602.17},
      abstract = {Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. This study attempts to trace the factors responsible for low fluoride levels in the aquifers of the Jos Younger Granites despite the high fluorine content in the rocks. A total of 41groundwater samples (1 mining pond, 2 hand pumps and 38 hand dug wells), 7 rock samples from the various lithological units, and 13 soil sections from two exposed locations were collected and analyzed for their fluorine content. Analysis of major cations was carried out using ICP-OES; the anions were analyzed using the UV multi-ion parameter and bicarbonates by titration method. Fluoride in underground water was determined by multi-ion parameter. Fluorine in rocks and soil were analyzed by the fusion method. The rock samples show variations in their fluorine content (Jos – Bukuru Biotite Granite 6,231, aplo-pegmatic granite-gneiss (basement rock) 4,864, Quartz-pyroxenes-fayalite porphyry 1,280, Dilimi-Biotite Granite 258 and Ngeil Biotite Granite-162 ppm). The soil sections from different locations also show variations of fluorine with depth of sampling. Cumulatively, the fluorine content in the sections and fluoride content in water do not correlate with fluorine in rock in the rock units. The low content in the two media, indicate that: 1. bulk fluorine have not been released from minerals in the host rocks and those retained in soils have not been mobilized to the groundwater. 2. Fluorine have formed complexes with other ions and occurring in compound form rather than ionic form. Apart from low fluoride in about 70% of the water samples all other parameters are within the WHO recommended limit for house hold uses. Although there are no records on the effect of low consumption of fluoride in water, inferences from the data show that most areas with low fluoride level should have dental caries.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Low Level Fluoride Content in Groundwater of the Younger Granite Aquifers in Parts of Jos plateau, Nigeria
    AU  - Dibal Hyeladi
    AU  - Shem Auta Dahilo
    AU  - Daspan Raymond
    AU  - Lar Uriah
    Y1  - 2014/12/25
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 42
    EP  - 53
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.s.2014030602.17
    AB  - Fluoride content in water has received a world-wide attention due to its importance to health. This study attempts to trace the factors responsible for low fluoride levels in the aquifers of the Jos Younger Granites despite the high fluorine content in the rocks. A total of 41groundwater samples (1 mining pond, 2 hand pumps and 38 hand dug wells), 7 rock samples from the various lithological units, and 13 soil sections from two exposed locations were collected and analyzed for their fluorine content. Analysis of major cations was carried out using ICP-OES; the anions were analyzed using the UV multi-ion parameter and bicarbonates by titration method. Fluoride in underground water was determined by multi-ion parameter. Fluorine in rocks and soil were analyzed by the fusion method. The rock samples show variations in their fluorine content (Jos – Bukuru Biotite Granite 6,231, aplo-pegmatic granite-gneiss (basement rock) 4,864, Quartz-pyroxenes-fayalite porphyry 1,280, Dilimi-Biotite Granite 258 and Ngeil Biotite Granite-162 ppm). The soil sections from different locations also show variations of fluorine with depth of sampling. Cumulatively, the fluorine content in the sections and fluoride content in water do not correlate with fluorine in rock in the rock units. The low content in the two media, indicate that: 1. bulk fluorine have not been released from minerals in the host rocks and those retained in soils have not been mobilized to the groundwater. 2. Fluorine have formed complexes with other ions and occurring in compound form rather than ionic form. Apart from low fluoride in about 70% of the water samples all other parameters are within the WHO recommended limit for house hold uses. Although there are no records on the effect of low consumption of fluoride in water, inferences from the data show that most areas with low fluoride level should have dental caries.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6-2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Geology University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Federal College of Education, Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Sections